Quadratic Equation Solver

ax2 + bx + c = 0

What is a Quadratic Equation?

A quadratic equation is a second-order polynomial equation in a single variable x, with the standard form ax² + bx + c = 0, where a, b, and c are coefficients and a is not equal to zero. The solutions to this equation are called the roots or zeros of the equation. A quadratic equation can have two real roots, one real root, or two complex (imaginary) roots.

How to Use the Calculator

  1. Identify the coefficients a, b, and c from your equation.
  2. Enter these values into the corresponding input fields above.
  3. Click the "Solve for x" button to find the roots of the equation.

The Quadratic Formula

This calculator finds the roots using the well-known quadratic formula. The formula provides the solution(s) for x.

x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) / 2a

The expression inside the square root, b² - 4ac, is called the discriminant. The value of the discriminant is important because it tells us the nature of the roots before we even calculate them.

If the Discriminant (b² - 4ac) is...The Equation Has...
Positive (> 0)Two distinct real roots.
Zero (= 0)Exactly one real root (also called a repeated root).
Negative (< 0)Two complex roots (containing an imaginary number). This calculator will indicate when this occurs by displaying the roots in the form of a + bi.

For example, when you enter a=1, b=2, c=3, the discriminant is 2² - 4*1*3 = 4 - 12 = -8, which is negative. The result is x₁ = -1.0000 + 1.4142i and x₂ = -1.0000 - 1.4142i. In this case:

  • -1.0000 is the real part.
  • + 1.4142i and - 1.4142i are the imaginary parts.